添加时间:2024-05-06 05:23:56
lexical level
1Lexical
1.1Academic terms
Maneuver n策略 v操纵、调遣 manipulate vt.熟练控制
scalability 可扩展性
leverage n.杠杆 v促使…改变
flexibility 弹性 ?dispatch n.急件,调度
leverage ?撬动
robustness? 鲁棒性
comprehensive review 综述
applicability ?适应性 ?application? 应用
use cases用例
keywords 关键词 Indexterms 索引项
dispatch? 调度、派遣
distributed energy resources (DERs) 分布式能源
distributed optimization 分布式优化
optimal power flow (OPF) 最优潮流计算
siloed data center 孤立的数据中心
heterogeneous 异构的 ?privacy-preserving 隐私保护
canonical application 典型应用
scenario 场景
paradigm 范式
minibatch 小批量
orders-of-magnitude 数量级的
alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)交叉乘子法
Proximal Atomic Coordination (PAC)近端原子协调?
empirically and theoretically ?实践和理论上
stochastic gradient descent(SGD)随机梯度下降法
communication topology 通信拓扑
high latency 高延迟
asynchronous communication 异步通信
straggler 干扰
heuristics 启发式方法
aggregate n.集合,总计 adj.总的,结合的 v总计达 vt 聚集
accountability 责任归属 interpretability 可解释性
convergence guarantees? 收敛保证
homomorphic encryption 同态加密
secure function evaluation (SFE)安全函数评估
malicious 恶意的 ?trusted
divide-and-conquer 分而治之
nascent 新生的,初生的,尚不发达的
advanced distribution and management system(ADMS)高级分布式管理系统
with the inclusion of …
reliability n可靠性 resiliency n弹性、恢复力、适应力
underlying 底层的
a comprehensive taxonomy 分类法
dual method 对偶方法
optimal power flow (电力)最优潮流计算
variant 不同的,n变体
along with , in addition to ,beyond(除了、超过)
denote A as B? 将A记为B
Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP) 二阶锥规划
Semidefinite Programming (SDP)半定规划
Peer-to-peer (P2P)
Advantages and disadvantage?= upsides and downsides
Model compression 模型压缩
Pareto frontier 帕累托前沿
bulk synchronous approaches 批量同步方法
siloed 孤立的
pivotal 关键的
dual variable 对偶变量
primal variable 原始变量
Primal-dual algorithm 原始对偶算法
Dual-ascend algorithm 对偶上升法
Network-sparsity 网络稀疏性
Activate power curtailment (APC) 有功功率削减
Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) 保护电压削减
Nomial voltage 标称电压
disparate=different
rogue agent 恶意智能体
enumerated 枚举的
hereafter? 此后
auxiliary 辅助的
adversarial? 对抗的
rigorous 严格的
granular 颗粒的
nascent新生的 nascent field
off-the-shelf 现成的
tractability ?易处理性
revert 恢复,归还
Proximal Atomic Coordination (PAC) 近端原子协调
Reasonably 相当地=very
Quality of Service,QoS 服务质量
Stringent=strict 严格的
actuation
启动; 传动; 激励; 冲动; 激动; 动作; 接通; 执行; 促动; 开动; 致动; 驱动; 使动; 传动动作; 致动装置; 驱动装置; 感动; 致[作]动; 活〔开、驱、启、传〕动
fault-tolerant 容错
congestion 拥堵 traffic congestion 流量拥堵
malicious agent 恶意的智能体
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多术语以及相应的缩略词、以及词汇的通用表达与学科释义的异同
以及注意表达的多样性,避免单一
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衔接词及连词的使用使得过渡自然,逻辑清晰
However
Hence
Additionally=In addition
In the context
For instance 举例来说
In practice 实际上
In particular特别地
Furthermore 更进一步,此外
Moreover=In addition
Indeed 实际上
In contrast 相比之下
Ultimately=Finally
To summarize
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陈述性表达
Advantages of dis-tributed algorithms include …列举优点
The major contributions of this work are listed as列举工作
This paper has the following major differences relative to the work in [4] and [9]as follows
The importance of these metrics motivates the following open questions:
A short discussion on the simulation results using the PAC algorithm is presented below
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2. Syntactical
2.1 Expressions
Paper(1)
【例1】With the rapidly increasing integration of
随着…的快速集成
【例2】This paper presents a review of distributed algorithms found in the literature, a new taxonomy using key attributes, and a comparison of some use cases. Finally, future research needs for practical implementation of such distributed algorithms are also discussed.?
做总结
?
【例3】Stability is also an issue for purely local feedback based schemes as they are unable to consistently regulate the voltage/frequencythroughout the system[2]
As 引导原因状语从句
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【例4】The cyber layer, which can be classi?ed into two more sublayers-(i)control and management sublayer where the Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS) runs an optimization tool and is responsible for making control decisions of power system operations throughout the day.
Which引导非限制性定语从句,where引导定语从句
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【例5】Since each agent only needs to communicate with its neighbors, distributed algorithms are naturally capable of adapting to changing conditions such as modi?cations to the network topology and communication infrastructure.
Since 表示原因
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【例6】The organization of the paper is as follows. Section II formulates the OPF problem in both centralized and distributed settings and discusses various power ?ow approximations and relaxations used for distribution system analyses. Section III surveys different distributed algorithms applied for optimal control in distribution grids and discusses comparisons among them. Section IV discusses several use cases for distributed optimization algorithms. Section V presents an overview of research needs for ?eld implementations of distributed algorithms inactive distribution systems.
Content organization可以如何写
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【例7】
有where引导的定语从句,同时有let祈使句,多为被动语态
【例8】Once convex, the problem can be solved using any off-the-shelf convex programming solver with polynomial runtime.
情态动词+被动语态
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【例9】One advantage of using convex relaxations is that they always provide lower bounds of the original minimization problem of ACOPF.
表语从句,解释说明
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【例10】Distributed control algorithms provide multiple complementary advantages relative to traditional centralized and local control approaches in terms of computation, communication, privacy, ?exibility, and scalability with increasing DERs at the edge. However, distributed control approaches often require several iterations and communication rounds to reach convergence, which can make them unsuitable for practical implementations in a federated or P2P manner. Existing work also lack a thorough analysis of parametric sensitivity towards algorithm performance and communication requirements for practical implementation. This paper presents a review of distributed algorithms found in the literature, a new taxonomy using key attributes, and a comparison of some use cases. Finally, future research needs for practical implementation of such distributed algorithms are also discussed.
Conclusion怎么写
回顾现有方法的优缺点,现有工作的不足,简述论文的新工作、新进展,并作出展望
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paper(2):
【例1】Beyond the major challenges discussed in this article,…除了文中讨论的挑战外…
【例2】It is increasingly attractive to …越来越有吸引力
【例3】It remains to be seen how much communication is necessary in federated learning. Indeed, it is well known that optimization methods used for machine learning can tolerate a lack of precision.
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【例4】As we discuss in this article, learning in such a setting differs significantly from traditional distributed environments, which require fundamental advances in areas such as privacy, large-scale machine learning, and distributed optimization and raise new questions at the intersection of diverse fields such as machine learning and systems.
As引导定语从句,which引导非定语从句
这里的require 为什么不用三单呢?
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【例5】Federated learning is a promising solution for these applications [19], as it can reduce privacy leakage and naturally eliminate these constrains to enable private learning between various devices/organizations.
As引导原因状语从句
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【例6】Federated learning methods can help train models that efficiently adapt to changes in these systems, while maintaining user privacy.
while承前省略,相当于介词,that引导定语从句
【例7】
?多处使用where引导的定语从句来说明符号,全部用了被动语态,无祈使句
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【例8】To fit a model to data generated by the devices in the federated network, it is therefore important to develop communication-efficient methods that iteratively send small messages or model updates as part of the training process, as opposed to sending the entire data set over the network.
动词不定式作目的状语,it 作形式主语,that引导定语从句,as从句省略
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【例9】Minibatch optimization methods, which involve extending classical stochastic methods to process multiple data points at a time, have emerged as a popular paradigm for distrib-uted machine learning in data center environments. In practice, however, they have shown limited flexibility to adapt to communication-computation tradeoffs [53], which would maximally leverage distributed data processing.
Which做非限制性定语从句插入
Minibatch optimization methods (which …)have emerged as a popular paradigm…
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【例10】Similarly, in federated learning, decentralized algorithms can, in theory, reduce the high communication cost on the central server.
小短句,in theory做插入语
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【例11】Global privacy requires that the model updates generated at each round are private to all untrusted third parties other than the central server, while local privacy further requires that the updates are also private to the server.
While 表示对比
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【例12】In this article, we provided an overview of federated learning, a learning paradigm where statistical models are trained at the edge in distributed networks. We discussed the unique properties and associated challenges of federated learning compared with traditional distributed data center computing and classical privacy-preserving learning. We provided a broad survey on classical results as well as more recent work specifically focused on federated settings. Finally, we outlined a handful of open problems worth future research effort. Providing solutions to these problems will require interdisciplinary effort from a broad set of research communities.
Conclusion怎么写
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